INDIAN NOBEL LAUREATES :)
The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind".
Nobel Prizes are awarded in the field of Physic, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. Nobel characterized the peace prize as "to the person who has done the most or best to among the nations. Nobel prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in their respective fields.
fig. Nobel prize Here are the following indian Nobel laureates won the noble prize
1.Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to get a Nobel Prize in 1913, and in his area of expertise - Literature. He won the award for "his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West".
While he originally wrote in Bengali, Tagore reached out to a wider audience in the West with his translation of poetry that conveyed 'the peace of the soul in harmony with nature'. The Swedish academy, on its website, says that 'Tagore's writing is deeply rooted in both Indian and Western learning traditions'.
Born in 1861, the Calcutta-born writer was well known for fiction in the form of poetry, songs, stories, dramas, and it included portrayals of people's lives, literary criticism, philosophy and social issues.
Tagore was home-schooled, but went to England for formal education. However, he didn't complete his studies there. His inclination towards humanity and social reforms increased when he started managing the family estates. He often participated in the Indian nationalist movement, and Mahatma Gandhi was his dear friend. The then British Government in 1915 honored Tagore with knighthood, but he returned it within a few years as a sign of protest against British policies in the country.
He passed away in 1941 at the age of 80.
2.Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
India's first physicist to win a Nobel Physics Prize in 1930 "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him" was Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman.
Born in 1888, the Tiruchirappalli-born scientist's discovery helped other researchers analyse different types of material using his scattering of light phenomenon.
In 1928, Venkata Raman found out that light spreads in different directions when light meets particles that are smaller than its wavelength. He further established that a small portion of the scattered light acquires other wavelengths than that of the original light because some of the incoming photons' energy can be transferred to a molecule, giving it a higher level of energy.
When he received the award, he was working with the Calcutta University. At 82, he passed away in Bangalore.
3.Har Gobind Khorana
Har Gobind Khorana's work on electron diffraction got him the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He shared the award with Robert W Holley and Marshall W Nirenberg "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis".
In the 1950s, it was established that genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA, to protein. One sequence of three nucleotides in DNA corresponds to a certain amino acid within a protein. In order to crack the genetic code, Marshall Nirenberg discovered the first piece of the puzzle. The remain part of the study was carried out in the following year.
Born in 1922, the Raipur-based built different RNA chains with the help of enzymes, which further helped him to produce proteins using these enzymes. The amino acid sequences of these proteins then solved the rest of the puzzle.
During his research, Khorana was a part of the Wisconsin University in Madison. He spent his last years in Concord, Massachusetts, and passed away in 2011.
4.Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa was the first woman with close Indian ties to get the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. While she was born in Macedonia (then Ottoman Empire's Uskup) to parents of Albanian descent, she was sent to Calcutta to be a teacher after she entered a nunnery.
Also known as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, she had a calling at the age of 12. After coming to India, she decided to serve the poor as she lived amongst them.
After founding Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, she, along with her helpers, built homes for orphans, nursing homes for lepers and hospices for the terminally ill. Her organization provided aid in other parts of the world.
While she was appreciated worldwide, she also faced criticism as the people suffering in the hospices were refused pain relief, but Mother Teresa got hospital treatment. She also had conservative views on abortion.
She became the spokesperson for the Vatican. Her canonisation took place in 2003, and Pope Francis declared her a saint in 2016.
5.Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar made India proud in 1983 when he bagged the Nobel Prize in Physics "for theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars". He shared the award with another physicist William Alfred Fowler.
Chandrasekhar was born in 1910 when Lahore (now in Pakistan) was a part of India. During the affiliation at the time of the award, he was a part of Chicago University in Illinois.
It is common knowledge that stars form clouds of gas and dust in the universe. When gravity pulls these clouds, energy is released in the form of heat. With the rising temperature, the atomic nuclei inside the stars start reacting. Chandrasekhar started working on his theories of the process stars subsequently undergo in 1930s. In his research, he explained how a star turns into a white dwarf when the hydrogen fuel of stars (of a certain size) begins to run out. His theory suggested that the star further collapses into a compact star known as a white dwarf.
6. Amartya Sen
Economist Amartya Sen was the sole winner of the 1998 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences, which was introduced by the Nobel Prize Committee in memory of Alfred Nobel, "for his contributions to welfare economics".
During his award, he was with Trinity College, Cambridge in United Kingdom. He researched on fundamental problems in welfare economics, important resources in a community, and ways to divide them.
Sen's research focused on the value of values in collective decision-making, and ways in which welfare and poverty can be measured. The Swedish academy, on its website, wrote that Sen's efforts stem from his interest in questions of distribution and, in particular, the lot of society's poorest members. Sen also included famines in his studies to create a deeper understanding of the economic reasons behind them and poverty.
In 1933, Sen was born in Santiniketan, West Bengal, and studied in Dhaka (now in Bangladesh) where his father was a professor of chemistry. After completing his studies from Kolkata and Cambridge University, he got his PhD in 1959. He also held professorships in India, Oxford and Cambridge universities in UK, and Harvard University in US.
He is currently married to Emma Rothschild. Before Rothschild, he was married to Eva Colorni for 7 years and Nabaneeta Dev Sen for 18 years. He has two children from each of his previous marriages.
7.Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Tami Nadu-born Venkatraman Ramakrishnan received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome". He shared the award with Thomas A Steitz and Ada E Yonath.
Born in 1952, he was working with MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge when he received the honour.
vital functions of an organism are managed by complex protein molecules produced in cells' ribosomes. Ribosome is a molecular machine that is found in living cells' cytoplasm which synthesises proteins. Along with other researchers, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan used x-ray crystallography in 2000 to determine the structure of ribosomes, which is made up of hundreds of thousands of atoms. Among other applications, Nobel Prize website mentioned that Ramakrishnan's research has been vital in production of antibiotics.
He grew up in a family of academics. While his father, CV Ramakrishnan, got his postdoctoral fellowship in Madison, Wisconsin, his mother, R Rajalakshmi, obtained a McGill University fellowship to do PhD in psychology, which she finished in 18 months.
8.Kailash Satyarth
Kailash Satyarthi, along with Malala Yousafzai, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people, and for the right of all children to education."
To achieve a peaceful world, following the tradition of Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian activist has been working towards ending child labor, exploitation, and encouraging them to attend school. He has also contributed to the development of international conventions on the rights of children, according to the Swedish academy.
.
As a member of UNESCO body, he works towards providing 'Education for All'. After his Nobel win, he made it to the Fortune 'World's Greatest Leaders' list in 2015.
Satyarthi is married to Sumedha, and has two children - a son and daughter.
9.Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee
Mumbai-born economist Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee made the country proud as he became the 10th Indian, and sixth laureate with the Calcutta Chromosome, to win a Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences on Monday.
Born in 1961, the half-Bengali, half-Konkani economist lived his early life in West Bengal, and studied from the University of Calcutta. Later, he received his post-graduation degree in Economics from New Delhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University in 1983. He went on to obtain a PhD in Economics from the Harvard University in 1988.
Currently, the 58-year-old, who is the Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, shared his views on India's economic slowdown. He warned that the Indian economy is going into 'a tailspin' and his solution is for the government to focus on increasing demand rather than on deficits or stability.
Thankyou for reading...
Comments
Post a Comment